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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00457
1 Labortory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
2 Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., 3054 Cornwallis Road, Durham, NC 27709, USA
3 Department of Biology and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
4 Crop Genetics Research, Pioneer-A DuPont Company, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue,
Johnston, IA 50131, USA
* Present address: Instituto de Ecologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México (UNAM), AP-Postal 70-275, Coyoacán 04510,
México DF, Mexico
Author for correspondence (e-mail:
jdoebley{at}facstaff.wisc.edu)
Accepted 18 February 2003
The homologous transcription factors FLORICAULA of Antirrhinum and LEAFY of Arabidopsis share conserved roles in flower meristem identity and floral patterning. While roles for FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologs in flower development have been demonstrated in numerous dicots, little is known about the function of these meristem identity genes in the more distantly related flowering plants, the monocots. We used reverse genetics to investigate the role of two duplicate FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologs in maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) – a monocot species with dramatically different flower and inflorescence morphology from that of dicot species. Transposon insertions into the maize genes, zfl1 and zfl2, led to a disruption of floral organ identity and patterning, as well as to defects in inflorescence architecture and in the vegetative to reproductive phase transition. Our results demonstrate that these genes share conserved roles with their dicot counterparts in flower and inflorescence patterning. The phenotype of zfl1; zfl2 double mutants suggests that these maize FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologs act as upstream regulators of the ABC floral organ identity genes, and this along with previously published work, indicates that the transcriptional network regulating flower development is at least partially conserved between monocots and dicots. Our data also suggest that the zfl genes may play a novel role in controlling quantitative aspects of inflorescence phyllotaxy in maize, consistent with their candidacy for quantitative trait loci that control differences in inflorescence structure between maize and its progenitor, teosinte.
Key words: Maize, Inflorescence architecture, FLORICAULA, LEAFY
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