|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00531
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: monsoro{at}uclink.berkeley.edu)
Accepted 30 March 2003
At the border of the neural plate, the induction of the neural crest can be achieved by interactions with the epidermis, or with the underlying mesoderm. Wnt signals are required for the inducing activity of the epidermis in chick and amphibian embryos. Here, we analyze the molecular mechanisms of neural crest induction by the mesoderm in Xenopus embryos. Using a recombination assay, we show that prospective paraxial mesoderm induces a panel of neural crest markers (Slug, FoxD3, Zic5 and Sox9), whereas the future axial mesoderm only induces a subset of these genes. This induction is blocked by a dominant negative (dn) form of FGFR1. However, neither dnFGFR4a nor inhibition of Wnt signaling prevents neural crest induction in this system. Among the FGFs, FGF8 is strongly expressed by the paraxial mesoderm. FGF8 is sufficient to induce the neural crest markers FoxD3, Sox9 and Zic5 transiently in the animal cap assay. In vivo, FGF8 injections also expand the Slug expression domain. This suggests that FGF8 can initiate neural crest formation and cooperates with other DLMZ-derived factors to maintain and complete neural crest induction. In contrast to Wnts, eFGF or bFGF, FGF8 elicits neural crest induction in the absence of mesoderm induction and without a requirement for BMP antagonists. In vivo, it is difficult to dissociate the roles of FGF and WNT factors in mesoderm induction and neural patterning. We show that, in most cases, effects on neural crest formation were parallel to altered mesoderm or neural development. However, neural and neural crest patterning can be dissociated experimentally using different dominant-negative manipulations: while Nfz8 blocks both posterior neural plate formation and neural crest formation, dnFGFR4a blocks neural patterning without blocking neural crest formation. These results suggest that different signal transduction mechanisms may be used in neural crest induction, and anteroposterior neural patterning.
Key words: FGF, WNT, FGF8, Paraxial mesoderm, Xenopus embryo, Neural crest, Neural patterning
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. Li, S. Kuriyama, M. Moreno, and R. Mayor The posteriorizing gene Gbx2 is a direct target of Wnt signalling and the earliest factor in neural crest induction Development, October 1, 2009; 136(19): 3267 - 3278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Kalkan, Y. Iwasaki, C. Y. Park, and G. H. Thomsen Tumor Necrosis Factor-Receptor-associated Factor-4 Is a Positive Regulator of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Signaling That Affects Neural Crest Formation Mol. Biol. Cell, July 15, 2009; 20(14): 3436 - 3450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Steventon, C. Araya, C. Linker, S. Kuriyama, and R. Mayor Differential requirements of BMP and Wnt signalling during gastrulation and neurulation define two steps in neural crest induction Development, March 1, 2009; 136(5): 771 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-S. Hong, B.-Y. Park, and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet Fgf8a induces neural crest indirectly through the activation of Wnt8 in the paraxial mesoderm Development, December 1, 2008; 135(23): 3903 - 3910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Sauka-Spengler and M. Bronner-Fraser Insights From a Sea Lamprey Into the Evolution of Neural Crest Gene Regulatory Network Biol. Bull., June 1, 2008; 214(3): 303 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Zhao, K. Tanegashima, H. Ro, and I. B. Dawid Lrig3 regulates neural crest formation in Xenopus by modulating Fgf and Wnt signaling pathways Development, April 1, 2008; 135(7): 1283 - 1293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-S. Hong and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet The Activity of Pax3 and Zic1 Regulates Three Distinct Cell Fates at the Neural Plate Border Mol. Biol. Cell, June 1, 2007; 18(6): 2192 - 2202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. B. Fletcher, J. C. Baker, and R. M. Harland FGF8 spliceforms mediate early mesoderm and posterior neural tissue formation in Xenopus Development, May 1, 2006; 133(9): 1703 - 1714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Sakai, T. Suzuki, N. Osumi, and Y. Wakamatsu Cooperative action of Sox9, Snail2 and PKA signaling in early neural crest development Development, April 1, 2006; 133(7): 1323 - 1333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kuriyama, G. Lupo, K. Ohta, S.-i. Ohnuma, W. A. Harris, and H. Tanaka Tsukushi controls ectodermal patterning and neural crest specification in Xenopus by direct regulation of BMP4 and X-delta-1 activity Development, January 1, 2006; 133(1): 75 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. H. M. Sailer, T. G. Hazel, D. M. Panchision, D. J. Hoeppner, M. E. Schwab, and R. D. G. McKay BMP2 and FGF2 cooperate to induce neural-crest-like fates from fetal and adult CNS stem cells J. Cell Sci., December 15, 2005; 118(24): 5849 - 5860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Litsiou, S. Hanson, and A. Streit A balance of FGF, BMP and WNT signalling positions the future placode territory in the head Development, September 15, 2005; 132(18): 4051 - 4062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sato, N. Sasai, and Y. Sasai Neural crest determination by co-activation of Pax3 and Zic1 genes in Xenopus ectoderm Development, May 15, 2005; 132(10): 2355 - 2363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. T. Bottcher and C. Niehrs Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling during Early Vertebrate Development Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2005; 26(1): 63 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Brugmann, P. D. Pandur, K. L. Kenyon, F. Pignoni, and S. A. Moody Six1 promotes a placodal fate within the lateral neurogenic ectoderm by functioning as both a transcriptional activator and repressor Development, December 1, 2004; 131(23): 5871 - 5881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. A. Chung, J. Hyodo-Miura, A. Kitayama, C. Terasaka, T. Nagamune, and N. Ueno Screening of FGF target genes in Xenopus by microarray: temporal dissection of the signalling pathway using a chemical inhibitor Genes Cells, August 1, 2004; 9(8): 749 - 761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Lewis, J. Bonner, M. Modrell, J. W. Ragland, R. T. Moon, R. I. Dorsky, and D. W. Raible Reiterated Wnt signaling during zebrafish neural crest development Development, March 15, 2004; 131(6): 1299 - 1308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Glavic, F. Silva, M. J. Aybar, F. Bastidas, and R. Mayor Interplay between Notch signaling and the homeoprotein Xiro1 is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus embryos Development, January 15, 2004; 131(2): 347 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
