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First published online August 18, 2003
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00661

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Graded phenotypic response to partial and complete deficiency of a brain-specific transcript variant of the winged helix transcription factor RFX4

¹ Office of Clinical Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
² Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
³ Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
⁴ Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
⁶ Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: zeldin{at}niehs.nih.gov)

Accepted 10 June 2003

One line of mice harboring a cardiac-specific epoxygenase transgene developed head swelling and rapid neurological decline in young adulthood, and had marked hydrocephalus of the lateral and third ventricles. The transgene was found to be inserted into an intron in the mouse Rfx4 locus. This insertion apparently prevented expression of a novel variant transcript of RFX4 (RFX4_v3), a member of the regulatory factor X family of winged helix transcription factors. Interruption of two alleles resulted in profound failure of dorsal midline brain structure formation and perinatal death, presumably by interfering with expression of downstream genes. Interruption of a single allele prevented formation of the subcommissural organ, a structure important for cerebrospinal fluid flow through the aqueduct of Sylvius, and resulted in congenital hydrocephalus. These data implicate the RFX4_v3 variant transcript as being crucial for early brain development, as well as for the genesis of the subcommissural organ. These findings may be relevant to human congenital hydrocephalus, a birth defect that affects 0.6 per 1000 newborns.

Key words: Hydrocephalus, Regulatory factor X, Winged helix transcription factor, Cortex, Midline, Mouse

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