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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00206
1 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and
Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
2 Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
* Present address: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Author for correspondence (e-mail:
delidaki{at}imbb.forth.gr)
Accepted 10 October 2002
The decision of ectodermal cells to adopt the sensory organ precursor fate
in Drosophila is controlled by two classes of basic-helix-loop-helix
transcription factors: the proneural Ac and Sc activators promote neural fate,
whereas the E(spl) repressors suppress it. We show here that E(spl) proteins
m7 and m
are potent inhibitors of neural fate, even in the presence of
excess Sc activity and even when their DNA-binding basic domain has been
inactivated. Furthermore, these E(spl) proteins can efficiently repress target
genes that lack cognate DNA binding sites, as long as these genes are bound by
Ac/Sc activators. This activity of E(spl)m7 and m correlates with their
ability to interact with proneural activators, through which they are probably
tethered on target enhancers. Analysis of reporter genes and sensory organ
(bristle) patterns reveals that, in addition to this indirect recruitment of
E(spl) onto enhancers via protein-protein interaction with bound Ac/Sc
factors, direct DNA binding of target genes by E(spl) also takes place.
Irrespective of whether E(spl) are recruited via direct DNA binding or
interaction with proneural proteins, the co-repressor Groucho is always needed
for target gene repression.
Key words: Basic-helix-loop-helix, Proneural, HES, Transcriptional repression, Neurogenesis, Lateral inhibition, Drosophila, E(spl)
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