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First published online 20 August 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00718

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Integration of multiple signal transducing pathways on Fgf response elements of the Xenopus caudal homologue Xcad3

Tomomi Haremaki^1,*, Yasuko Tanaka^1,2, Ikuko Hongo¹, Masahiro Yuge³ and Harumasa Okamoto^1,

¹ Neuroscience Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
² Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
³ Faculty of Human Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University, Kasumigaoka Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan

Author for correspondence (e-mail: h-okamoto{at}aist.go.jp)

Accepted 27 June 2003

Early neural patterning along the anteroposterior (AP) axis appears to involve a number of signal transducing pathways, but the precise role of each of these pathways for AP patterning and how they are integrated with signals that govern neural induction step is not well understood. We investigate the nature of Fgf response element (FRE) in a posterior neural gene, Xcad3 (Xenopus caudal homologue) that plays a crucial role of posterior neural development. We provide evidence that FREs of Xcad3 are widely dispersed in its intronic sequence and that these multiple FREs comprise Ets-binding and Tcf/Lef-binding motifs that lie in juxtaposition. Functional and physical analyses indicate that signaling pathways of Fgf, Bmp and Wnt are integrated on these FREs to regulate the expression of Xcad3 in the posterior neural tube through positively acting Ets and Sox family transcription factors and negatively acting Tcf family transcription factor(s).

Key words: Fgf, Xcad3, Ets, Tcf/Lef, Sox, Neural patterning, Xenopus

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