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First published online 19 November 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00880
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1 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of
Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
2 Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Sinchon 134, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
3 Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX
78712, USA
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: schiefel{at}umich.edu)
Accepted 19 September 2003
The position-dependent specification of the hair and non-hair cell types in the Arabidopsis root epidermis provides a simple model for the study of cell fate determination in plants. Several putative transcriptional regulators are known to influence this cell fate decision. Indirect evidence from studies with the maize R gene has been used to suggest that a bHLH transcription factor also participates in this process. We show that two Arabidopsis genes encoding bHLH proteins, GLABRA3 (GL3) and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), act in a partially redundant manner to specify root epidermal cell fates. Plants homozygous for mutations in both genes fail to specify the non-hair cell type, whereas plants overexpressing either gene produce ectopic non-hair cells. We also find that these genes are required for appropriate transcription of the non-hair specification gene GL2 and the hair cell specification gene CPC, showing that GL3 and EGL3 influence both epidermal cell fates. Furthermore, we show that these bHLH proteins require a functional WER MYB protein for their action, and they physically interact with WER and CPC in the yeast two-hybrid assay. These results suggest a model in which GL3 and EGL3 act together with WER in the N cell position to promote the non-hair cell fate, whereas they interact with the incomplete MYB protein CPC in the H position, which blocks the non-hair pathway and leads to the hair cell fate.
Key words: Epidermis, Pattern formation, Cell differentiation, Root development, Transcriptional regulation
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