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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00225
1 Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892, USA
2 Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School,
Madison, WI 53706, USA
3 National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain
Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA
Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical
College, Nishikagura 4-5-3-11, Asahikawa, Japan
Present address: CyThera Inc., 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego, CA
92121, USA
Author for correspondence (e-mail:
hw{at}helix.nih.gov)
Accepted 18 October 2002
The LIM domain-binding protein 1 (Ldb1) is found in multi-protein complexes containing various combinations of LIM-homeodomain, LIM-only, bHLH, GATA and Otx transcription factors. These proteins exert key functions during embryogenesis. Here we show that targeted deletion of the Ldb1 gene in mice results in a pleiotropic phenotype. There is no heart anlage and head structures are truncated anterior to the hindbrain. In about 40% of the mutants, posterior axis duplication is observed. There are also severe defects in mesoderm-derived extraembryonic structures, including the allantois, blood islands of the yolk sack, primordial germ cells and the amnion. Abnormal organizer gene expression during gastrulation may account for the observed axis defects in Ldb1 mutant embryos. The expression of several Wnt inhibitors is curtailed in the mutant, suggesting that Wnt pathways may be involved in axial patterning regulated by Ldb1.
Key words: Ldb1, Wnt inhibitor(s), Otx2, Mouse, Anterior-posterior axis
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