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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00294

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Development 130, 705-718 (2003)
Copyright © 2003 The Company of Biologists Limited

SUPERWOMAN1 and DROOPING LEAF genes control floral organ identity in rice

Nobuhiro Nagasawa1,4, Masahiro Miyoshi1,5, Yoshio Sano2, Hikaru Satoh3, Hiroyuki Hirano1, Hajime Sakai4,{dagger} and Yasuo Nagato1,{dagger}

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
3 Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
4 DuPont Company, Agriculture and Nutrition, Delaware Technology Park 200, 1 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19714, USA
5 Present address: Orynova Co. Ltd., Iwata 438-0802, Japan

{dagger} Authors for correspondence (e-mail: anagato{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp and Hajime.Sakai{at}usa.dupont.com)

Accepted 14 November 2002

We analyzed recessive mutants of two homeotic genes in rice, SUPERWOMAN1 (SPW1) and DROOPING LEAF (DL). The homeotic mutation spw1 transforms stamens and lodicules into carpels and palea-like organs, respectively. Two spw1 alleles, spw1-1 and spw1-2, show the same floral phenotype and did not affect vegetative development. We show that SPW1 is a rice APETALA3 homolog, OsMADS16. In contrast, two strong alleles of the dl locus, drooping leaf-superman1 (dl-sup1) and drooping leaf-superman2 (dl-sup2), cause the complete transformation of the gynoecium into stamens. In these strong mutants, many ectopic stamens are formed in the region where the gynoecium is produced in the wild-type flower and they are arranged in a non-whorled, alternate pattern. The intermediate allele dl-1 (T65), results in an increase in the number of stamens and stigmas, and carpels occasionally show staminoid characteristics. In the weakest mutant, dl-2, most of the flowers are normal. All four dl alleles cause midrib-less drooping leaves. The flower of the double mutant, spw1 dl-sup, produces incompletely differentiated organs indefinitely after palea-like organs are produced in the position where lodicules are formed in the wild-type flower. These incompletely differentiated organs are neither stamens nor carpels, but have partial floral identity. Based on genetic and molecular results, we postulate a model of stamen and carpel specification in rice, with DL as a novel gene controlling carpel identity and acting mutually and antagonistically to the class B gene, SPW1.

Key words: Rice, Oryza sativa, DROOPING LEAF, SUPERWOMAN1, Floral mutants, Floral organ identity, Homeotic mutations, MADS box


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