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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00394

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Knock-in of integrin ß1D affects primary but not secondary myogenesis in mice

Ana Sofia Cachaço^1,2,*, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes^3,*, Ingrid Kuikman⁴, Fernanda Bajanca^1,2, Kuniya Abe⁵, Christian Baudoin^4,, Arnoud Sonnenberg⁴, Christine L. Mummery³ and Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir^1,2,

¹ Department of Animal Biology and Centre for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
² Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal
³ Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
⁴ Department of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁵ Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
Present address: Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U385, Nice, France

Author for correspondence (e-mail: solveig{at}fc.ul.pt)

Accepted 9 January 2003

Integrins are extracellular matrix receptors composed of and ß subunits involved in cell adhesion, migration and signal transduction. The ß1 subunit has two isoforms, ß1A ubiquitously expressed and ß1D restricted to striated muscle. They are not functionally equivalent. Replacement of ß1A by ß1D (ß1D knock-in) in the mouse leads to midgestation lethality on a 50% Ola/50% FVB background [Baudoin, C., Goumans, M. J., Mummery, C. and Sonnenberg, A. (1998). Genes Dev. 12, 1202-1216]. We crossed the ß1D knock-in line into a less penetrant genetic background. This led to an attenuation of the midgestation lethality and revealed a second period of lethality around birth. Midgestation death was apparently not caused by failure in cell migration, but rather by abnormal placentation. The ß1D knock-in embryos that survived midgestation developed until birth, but exhibited severely reduced skeletal muscle mass. Quantification of myotube numbers showed that substitution of ß1A with ß1D impairs primary myogenesis with no direct effect on secondary myogenesis. Furthermore, long-term primary myotube survival was affected in ß1D knock-in embryos. Finally, overexpression of ß1D in C2C12 cells impaired myotube formation while overexpression of ß1A primarily affected myotube maturation. Together these results demonstrate for the first time distinct roles for ß1 integrins in primary versus secondary myogenesis and that the ß1A and ß1D variants are not functionally equivalent in this process.

Key words: ß1 integrins, Knock-in, Myogenesis, Muscle mass, Cell migration, Placentation, Mouse

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