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First published online September 1, 2004
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.01302
1 University of Geneva, Biochemistry Department, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211
Geneva, Switzerland
2 New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 550 First
Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
3 University of Lausanne, Institute of Research in Ophthalmology and the Eye
Hospital Jules Gonin, 15 avenue de France, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: dorota.skowronska{at}biochem.unige.ch)
Accepted 11 June 2004
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors such as atonal homolog 5 (ATH5) and neurogenin 2 (NGN2) determine crucial events in retinogenesis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that their interactions with target promoters undergo dynamic changes as development proceeds in the chick embryo. Chick ATH5 associates with its own promoter and with the promoter of the ß3 nicotinic receptor specifically in retinal ganglion cells and their precursors. NGN2 binds to the ATH5 promoter in retina but not in optic tectum, suggesting that interactions between bHLH factors and chromatin are highly tissue specific. The transcriptional activations of both promoters correlate with dimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3. Inactivation of the ATH5 promoter in differentiated neurons is accompanied by replication-independent chromatin de-methylation. This report is one of the first demonstrations of correlation between gene expression, binding of transcription factors and chromatin modification in a developing neural tissue.
Key words: Retinogenesis, Basic helix-loop-helix, Transcription, Chromatin modifications, Chick, CHRNB3
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