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First published online 17 December 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00922
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1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers University,
Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
2 Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08853, USA
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: patterson{at}mbcl.rutgers.edu)
Accepted 30 September 2003
An unconventional TGFß superfamily pathway plays a crucial role in the decision between dauer diapause and reproductive growth. We have studied the daf-5 gene, which, along with the daf-3 Smad gene, is antagonized by upstream receptors and receptor-regulated Smads. We show that DAF-5 is a novel member of the Sno/Ski superfamily that binds to DAF-3 Smad, suggesting that DAF-5, like Sno/Ski, is a regulator of transcription in a TGFß superfamily signaling pathway. However, we present evidence that DAF-5 is an unconventional Sno/Ski protein, because DAF-5 acts as a co-factor, rather than an antagonist, of a Smad protein. We show that expressing DAF-5 in the nervous system rescues a daf-5 mutant, whereas muscle or hypodermal expression does not. Previous work suggested that DAF-5 and DAF-3 function in pharyngeal muscle to regulate gene expression, but our analysis of regulation of a pharynx specific promoter suggests otherwise. We present a model in which DAF-5 and DAF-3 control the production or release of a hormone from the nervous system by either regulating the expression of biosynthetic genes or by altering the connectivity or the differentiated state of neurons.
Key words: Dauer, Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, Dachshund box, Nematode
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