|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
First published online 17 November 2004
doi: 10.1242/dev.01550
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
e-mail: msimon{at}stanford.edu
Accepted 28 October 2004
Planar cell polarity (PCP) occurs when the cells of an epithelium are polarized along a common axis lying in the epithelial plane. During the development of PCP, cells respond to long-range directional signals that specify the axis of polarization. In previous work on the Drosophila eye, we proposed that a crucial step in this process is the establishment of graded expression of the cadherin Dachsous (Ds) and the Golgi-associated protein Four-jointed (Fj). These gradients were proposed to specify the direction of polarization by producing an activity gradient of the cadherin Fat within each ommatidium. In this report, I test and confirm the key predictions of this model by altering the patterns of Fj, Ds and Fat expression. It is shown that the gradients of Fj and Ds expression provide partially redundant positional information essential for specifying the polarization axis. I further demonstrate that reversing the Fj and Ds gradients can lead to reversal of the axis of polarization. Finally, it is shown that an ectopic gradient of Fat expression can re-orient PCP in the eye. In contrast to the eye, the endogenous gradients of Fj and Ds expression do not play a major role in directing PCP in the wing. Thus, this study reveals that the two tissues use different strategies to orient their PCP.
Key words: Planar cell polarity, Gradients, Cadherins, Drosophila, Ommatidia, Positional information
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg 
Reddit 
Technorati 
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. Strutt Gradients and the Specification of Planar Polarity in the Insect Cuticle Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, November 1, 2009; 1(5): a000489 - a000489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Mao, B. Kucuk, and K. D. Irvine Drosophila lowfat, a novel modulator of Fat signaling Development, October 1, 2009; 136(19): 3223 - 3233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. K. Vladar, D. Antic, and J. D. Axelrod Planar Cell Polarity Signaling: The Developing Cell's Compass Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, September 1, 2009; 1(3): a002964 - a002964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Feng and K. D. Irvine Processing and phosphorylation of the Fat receptor PNAS, July 21, 2009; 106(29): 11989 - 11994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Aw and M. Levin Is left-right asymmetry a form of planar cell polarity? Development, February 1, 2009; 136(3): 355 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Ma, K. Amonlirdviman, R. L. Raffard, A. Abate, C. J. Tomlin, and J. D. Axelrod Cell packing influences planar cell polarity signaling PNAS, December 2, 2008; 105(48): 18800 - 18805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Willecke, F. Hamaratoglu, L. Sansores-Garcia, C. Tao, and G. Halder From the Cover: Boundaries of Dachsous Cadherin activity modulate the Hippo signaling pathway to induce cell proliferation PNAS, September 30, 2008; 105(39): 14897 - 14902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. V. V. G. Reddy and K. D. Irvine The Fat and Warts signaling pathways: new insights into their regulation, mechanism and conservation Development, September 1, 2008; 135(17): 2827 - 2838. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Deans, D. Antic, K. Suyama, M. P. Scott, J. D. Axelrod, and L. V. Goodrich Asymmetric Distribution of Prickle-Like 2 Reveals an Early Underlying Polarization of Vestibular Sensory Epithelia in the Inner Ear J. Neurosci., March 21, 2007; 27(12): 3139 - 3147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Tyler, W. Li, N. Zhuo, B. Pellock, and N. E. Baker Genes Affecting Cell Competition in Drosophila Genetics, February 1, 2007; 175(2): 643 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Halbleib and W. J. Nelson Cadherins in development: cell adhesion, sorting, and tissue morphogenesis Genes & Dev., December 1, 2006; 20(23): 3199 - 3214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Casal, P. A. Lawrence, and G. Struhl Two separate molecular systems, Dachsous/Fat and Starry night/Frizzled, act independently to confer planar cell polarity. Development, November 1, 2006; 133(22): 4561 - 4572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Matakatsu and S. S. Blair Separating the adhesive and signaling functions of the Fat and Dachsous protocadherins Development, June 15, 2006; 133(12): 2315 - 2324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. H. Price, D. M. Roberts, B. M. McCartney, E. Jezuit, and M. Peifer Cytoskeletal dynamics and cell signaling during planar polarity establishment in the Drosophila embryonic denticle J. Cell Sci., February 1, 2006; 119(3): 403 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Povelones, R. Howes, M. Fish, and R. Nusse Genetic Evidence That Drosophila frizzled Controls Planar Cell Polarity and Armadillo Signaling by a Common Mechanism Genetics, December 1, 2005; 171(4): 1643 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
