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First published online June 27, 2005
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.01907
Review |
Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante CSIC-UMH, Apartado 18, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Spain
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: anieto{at}umh.es)
SUMMARY
The functions of the Snail family of zinc-finger transcription factors are essential during embryonic development. One of their best-known functions is to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), which convert epithelial cells into migratory mesenchymal cells. In recent years, many orthologues of the Snail family have been identified throughout the animal kingdom, and their study is providing new clues about the EMT-dependent and -independent functions of Snail proteins. Here, we discuss these functions and how they influence cell behaviour during development and during diseases such as metastatic cancer. From these findings, we propose that Snail genes act primarily as survival factors and inducers of cell movement, rather than as inducers of EMT or cell fate.
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G. Moreno-Bueno, E. Cubillo, D. Sarrio, H. Peinado, S. M. Rodriguez-Pinilla, S. Villa, V. Bolos, M. Jorda, A. Fabra, F. Portillo, et al. Genetic Profiling of Epithelial Cells Expressing E-Cadherin Repressors Reveals a Distinct Role for Snail, Slug, and E47 Factors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 66(19): 9543 - 9556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. C. Lindsley, J. G. Gill, M. Kyba, T. L. Murphy, and K. M. Murphy Canonical Wnt signaling is required for development of embryonic stem cell-derived mesoderm Development, October 1, 2006; 133(19): 3787 - 3796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. A. Illman, K. Lehti, J. Keski-Oja, and J. Lohi Epilysin (MMP-28) induces TGF-{beta} mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition in lung carcinoma cells J. Cell Sci., September 15, 2006; 119(18): 3856 - 3865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Come, F. Magnino, F. Bibeau, P. De Santa Barbara, K. F. Becker, C. Theillet, and P. Savagner Snail and Slug Play Distinct Roles during Breast Carcinoma Progression. Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2006; 12(18): 5395 - 5402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. E. Turner, S. Broad, F. L. Khanim, A. Jeanes, S. Talma, S. Hughes, C. Tselepis, and N. A. Hotchin Slug Regulates Integrin Expression and Cell Proliferation in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes J. Biol. Chem., July 28, 2006; 281(30): 21321 - 21331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. A. Murray and T. Gridley Snail family genes are required for left-right asymmetry determination, but not neural crest formation, in mice PNAS, July 5, 2006; 103(27): 10300 - 10304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Sakai, T. Suzuki, N. Osumi, and Y. Wakamatsu Cooperative action of Sox9, Snail2 and PKA signaling in early neural crest development Development, April 1, 2006; 133(7): 1323 - 1333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. M. Lee, S. Dedhar, R. Kalluri, and E. W. Thompson The epithelial-mesenchymal transition: new insights in signaling, development, and disease. J. Cell Biol., March 27, 2006; 172(7): 973 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. H. M. Sailer, T. G. Hazel, D. M. Panchision, D. J. Hoeppner, M. E. Schwab, and R. D. G. McKay BMP2 and FGF2 cooperate to induce neural-crest-like fates from fetal and adult CNS stem cells J. Cell Sci., December 15, 2005; 118(24): 5849 - 5860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Rennebeck, M. Martelli, and N. Kyprianou Anoikis and Survival Connections in the Tumor Microenvironment: Is There a Role in Prostate Cancer Metastasis? Cancer Res., December 15, 2005; 65(24): 11230 - 11235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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