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First published online December 28, 2004
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.01586


Development 132, 227-233 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005


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Review

A germ cell origin of embryonic stem cells?

Thomas P. Zwaka1 and James A. Thomson1,2,*

1 University of Wisconsin - Medical School and The National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
2 WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI 53715, USA

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: thomson{at}primate.wisc.edu)

SUMMARY

Because embryonic stem (ES) cells are generally derived by the culture of inner cell mass (ICM) cells, they are often assumed to be the equivalent of ICM cells. However, various evidence indicates that ICM cells transition to a different cell type during ES-cell derivation. Historically, ES cells have been believed to most closely resemble pluripotent primitive ectoderm cells derived directly from the ICM. However, differences between ES cells and primitive ectoderm cells have caused developmental biologists to question whether ES cells really have an in vivo equivalent, or whether their properties merely reflect their tissue culture environment. Here, we review recent evidence that the closest in vivo equivalent of an ES cell is an early germ cell.


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