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First published online 26 January 2005
doi: 10.1242/dev.01652
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1 University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy,
and Children's Health Research Center, Room 401 MREB, 20 North 1900 East Salt
Lake City, Utah 84132-3401, USA
2 University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Room 2R063,
20 North 1900 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-2204, USA
3 GeneWorks, Avian Transgenics, 3950 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108,
USA
4 University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana, West Africa
5 Tranzyme Pharma, PO Box 13097, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27709, USA
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: susan.chapman{at}utah.edu)
Accepted 16 December 2004
We report the first ubiquitous green fluorescent protein expression in chicks using a lentiviral vector approach, with eGFP under the control of the phosphoglycerol kinase promoter. Several demonstrations of germline transmission in chicks have been reported previously, using markers that produce tissue-specific, but not ubiquitous, expression. Using embryos sired by a heterozygous male, we demonstrate germline transmission in the embryonic tissue that expresses eGFP uniformly, and that can be used in tissue transplants and processed by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Transgenic tissue is identifiable by both fluorescence microscopy and immunolabeling, resulting in a permanent marker identifying transgenic cells following processing of the tissue. Stable integration of the transgene has allowed breeding of homozygous males and females that will be used to produce transgenic embryos in 100% of eggs laid upon reaching sexual maturity. These results demonstrate that a transgenic approach in the chick model system is viable and useful even though a relatively long generation time is required. The transgenic chick model will benefit studies on embryonic development, as well as providing the pharmaceutical industry with an economical bioreactor.
Key words: GFP, Transgenic, Lentiviral, Chick, Development
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