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First published online March 24, 2005
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.01775
1 Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Södertörn
University College, Section of Natural Sciences, S-14189 Huddinge,
Sweden
2 Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
3 Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
4 Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department
of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
5 Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University,
Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: peter.swoboda{at}biosci.ki.se)
Accepted 10 February 2005
Cilia and flagella are widespread eukaryotic subcellular components that are conserved from green algae to mammals. In different organisms they function in cell motility, movement of extracellular fluids and sensory reception. While the function and structural description of cilia and flagella are well established, there are many questions that remain unanswered. In particular, very little is known about the developmental mechanisms by which cilia are generated and shaped and how their components are assembled into functional machineries. To find genes involved in cilia development we used as a search tool a promoter motif, the X-box, which participates in the regulation of certain ciliary genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
By using a genome search approach for X-box promoter motif-containing genes (xbx genes) we identified a list of about 750 xbx genes (candidates). This list comprises some already known ciliary genes as well as new genes, many of which we hypothesize to be important for cilium structure and function. We derived a C. elegans X-box consensus sequence by in vivo expression analysis. We found that xbx gene expression patterns were dependent on particular X-box nucleotide compositions and the distance from the respective gene start. We propose a model where DAF-19, the RFX-type transcription factor binding to the X-box, is responsible for the development of a ciliary module in C. elegans, which includes genes for cilium structure, transport machinery, receptors and other factors.
Key words: X-box, DAF-19, Ciliary genes, C. elegans
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