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First published online 30 November 2005
doi: 10.1242/dev.02182
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1 Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle
Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
2 The Charité, Department of Cardiology, Campus Buch and Campus Virchow
Clinics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: salim{at}mdc-berlin.de)
Accepted 25 October 2005
Organ morphogenesis requires cellular shape changes and tissue rearrangements that occur in a precisely timed manner. Here, we show that zebrafish heart and soul (Has)/protein kinase C iota (PRKCi) is required tissue-autonomously within the myocardium for normal heart morphogenesis and that this function depends on its catalytic activity. In addition, we demonstrate that nagie oko (Nok) is the functional homolog of mammalian protein associated with Lin-seven 1 (Pals1)/MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5 (Mpp5), and we dissect its earlier and later functions during myocardial morphogenesis. Has/PRKCi and Nok/Mpp5 are required early for the polarized epithelial organization and coherence of myocardial cells during heart cone formation. Zygotic nok/mpp5 mutants have later myocardial defects, including an incomplete heart tube elongation corresponding with a failure of myocardial cells to correctly expand in size. Furthermore, we show that nok/mpp5 acts within myocardial cells during heart tube elongation. Together, these results demonstrate that cardiac morphogenesis depends on the polarized organization and coherence of the myocardium, and that the expansion of myocardial cell size contributes to the transformation of the heart cone into an elongated tube.
Key words: Organ morphogenesis, prkci, Myocardium, heart and soul, nagie oko, mpp5, pals1, Zebrafish
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