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First published online 8 December 2005
doi: 10.1242/dev.02192

Development 133, 209-216 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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GDF3, a BMP inhibitor, regulates cell fate in stem cells and early embryos

Ariel J. Levine and Ali H. Brivanlou*

Laboratory of Molecular Vertebrate Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: brvnlou{at}rockefeller.edu)

Accepted 1 November 2005

The TGFß superfamily of ligands plays key functions in development and disease. In both human and mouse embryonic stem cells, a member of this family, GDF3, is specifically expressed in the pluripotent state. We show that GDF3 is an inhibitor of its own subfamily, blocks classic BMP signaling in multiple contexts, interacts with BMP proteins and is expressed specifically in the node during gastrulation in a pattern consistent with BMP inhibition. Furthermore, we use gain- and reduction-of-function to show that in a species-specific manner, GDF3 regulates both of the two major characteristics of embryonic stem cells: the ability to maintain the undifferentiated state and the ability to differentiate into the full spectrum of cell types.

Key words: GDF3, TGFß, BMP, Embryonic stem cell, Inhibitor, Xenopus, Human, Mouse


Related articles in Development:

GDF3: an early and conserved player in embryogenesis

Development 2006 133: e205. [Full Text]  



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