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First published online 5 January 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02219

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Drosophila Cornichon acts as cargo receptor for ER export of the TGF-like growth factor Gurken

Christian Bökel¹, Sajith Dass^2,*, Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger¹ and Siegfried Roth^2,

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
² Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität zu Köln, Gyrhofstraße 17, 50923 Köln, Germany.

Author for correspondence (e-mail: siegfried.roth{at}uni-koeln.de)

Accepted 23 November 2005

Drosophila Cornichon (Cni) is the founding member of a conserved protein family that also includes Erv14p, an integral component of the COPII-coated vesicles that mediate cargo export from the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During Drosophila oogenesis, Cni is required for transport of the TGF growth factor Gurken (Grk) to the oocyte surface. Here, we show that Cni, but not the second Drosophila Cni homologue Cni-related (Cnir), binds to the extracellular domain of Grk, and propose that Cni acts as a cargo receptor recruiting Grk into COPII vesicles. Consequently, in the absence of Cni function, Grk fails to leave the oocyte ER. Proteolytic processing of Grk still occurs in cni mutant ovaries, demonstrating that release of the active growth factor from its transmembrane precursor occurs earlier during secretory transport than described for the other Drosophila TGF homologues. Massive overexpression of Grk in a cni mutant background can overcome the requirement of Grk signalling for cni activity, confirming that cni is not essential for the production of the functional Grk ligand. However, the rescued egg chambers lack dorsoventral polarity. This demonstrates that the generation of temporally and spatially precisely coordinated Grk signals cannot be achieved by bulk flow secretion, but instead has to rely on fast and efficient ER export through cargo receptor-mediated recruitment of Grk into the secretory pathway.

Key words: Cargo receptor, ER export, Emp24, Axis formation, TGF processing

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