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First published online March 9, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.02304

Development 133, 1205-1217 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Review

Patterning the early Xenopus embryo

Janet Heasman

Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.

e-mail: heabq9{at}chmcc.org

SUMMARY

Developmental biology teachers use the example of the frog embryo to introduce young scientists to the wonders of vertebrate development, and to pose the crucial question, `How does a ball of cells become an exquisitely patterned embryo?'. Classical embryologists also recognized the power of the amphibian model and used extirpation and explant studies to explore early embryo polarity and to define signaling centers in blastula and gastrula stage embryos. This review revisits these early stages of Xenopus development and summarizes the recent explosion of information on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are responsible for the first phases of embryonic patterning.




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