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First published online 10 January 2007
doi: 10.1242/dev.02765

Development 134, 723-734 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase is required for prostatic morphogenesis and the acquisition of strict androgen dependency for adult tissue homeostasis

Yongshun Lin1, Guoqin Liu2, Yongyou Zhang1, Ya-Ping Hu3, Kai Yu4, Chunhong Lin1, Kerstin McKeehan1, Jim W. Xuan5, David M. Ornitz4, Michael M. Shen2, Norman Greenberg6, Wallace L. McKeehan1 and Fen Wang1,*

1 Center for Cancer Biology and Nutrition, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-3303, USA.
2 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, P.R. China.
3 Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
4 Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University, School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
5 Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada.
6 Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: fwang{at}ibt.tmc.edu)

Accepted 29 November 2006

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family consists of 22 members and regulates a broad spectrum of biological activities by activating diverse isotypes of FGF receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs). Among the FGFs, FGF7 and FGF10 have been implicated in the regulation of prostate development and prostate tissue homeostasis by signaling through the FGFR2 isoform. Using conditional gene ablation with the Cre-LoxP system in mice, we demonstrate a tissue-specific requirement for FGFR2 in urogenital epithelial cells - the precursors of prostatic epithelial cells - for prostatic branching morphogenesis and prostatic growth. Most Fgfr2 conditional null (Fgfr2cn) embryos developed only two dorsal prostatic (dp) and two lateral prostatic (lp) lobes. This contrasts to wild-type prostate, which has two anterior prostatic (ap), two dp, two lp and two ventral prostatic (vp) lobes. Unlike wild-type prostates, which are composed of well developed epithelial ductal networks, the Fgfr2cn prostates, despite retaining a compartmented tissue structure, exhibited a primitive epithelial architecture. Moreover, although Fgfr2cn prostates continued to produce secretory proteins in an androgen-dependent manner, they responded poorly to androgen with respect to tissue homeostasis. The results demonstrate that FGFR2 is important for prostate organogenesis and for the prostate to develop into a strictly androgen-dependent organ with respect to tissue homeostasis but not to the secretory function, implying that androgens may regulate tissue homeostasis and tissue function differently. Therefore, Fgfr2cn prostates provide a useful animal model for scrutinizing molecular mechanisms by which androgens regulate prostate growth, homeostasis and function, and may yield clues as to how advanced-tumor prostate cells escape strict androgen regulations.

Key words: Growth factor, Receptor tyrosine kinase, Androgen dependency, Prostate development, Mouse


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