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First published online 21 March 2007
doi: 10.1242/dev.003533

Development 134, 1643-1652 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
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Novel receptor-like kinase ALE2 controls shoot development by specifying epidermis in Arabidopsis

Hirokazu Tanaka1,*, Masaru Watanabe2, Michiko Sasabe2, Tomonori Hiroe2, Toshihiro Tanaka2, Hirokazu Tsukaya3, Masaya Ikezaki2, Chiyoko Machida1 and Yasunori Machida2,{dagger}

1 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan.
2 Division of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
3 Center for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.

{dagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: yas{at}bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp)

Accepted 25 February 2007

The epidermis plays crucial roles in the development of various organs and in water retention in both animals and plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the subtilase ABNORMAL LEAF SHAPE 1 (ALE1) and the Arabidopsis homolog of the Crinkly4 (ACR4) receptor-like protein kinase (RLK) have been implicated in the intercellular communication that is required for surface functions of the epidermis. We have identified a novel mutant gene in Arabidopsis, ale2, which is associated with various epidermal defects, including disorganization of epidermis-related tissues, defects in the leaf cuticle and the fusion of organs. ALE2 encodes a previously uncharacterized RLK with a cluster of basic amino acid residues followed by a cysteine-containing sequence in the putative extracellular domain. Our genetic investigations suggest that ALE2 and ACR4 function in the same process, whereas ALE1 has a different mode of action, and that these three genes play partially overlapping roles in positively regulating protoderm-specific gene expression and for the formation of leafy organs. We propose that at least two modes of intercellular communication facilitate the specification of epidermis, thereby promoting shoot organogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Key words: Intercellular signaling, Epidermis, Tissue specification, Embryonic patterning, Arabidopsis




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