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First published online April 24, 2009
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.021246

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Stem cells, signals and vertebrate body axis extension

¹ Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ, UK.
² Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: k.g.storey{at}dundee.ac.uk)

SUMMARY

The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues – the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body – has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. Here, we evaluate evidence for the existence and multipotency of axial stem cells. We show that although the data strongly support their existence, there is little definitive information about their multipotency or extent of contribution to the axis. We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension.

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