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First published online April 24, 2009
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.027607

Development 136, 1707-1715 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
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Defining retinal progenitor cell competence in Xenopus laevis by clonal analysis

Lily L. Wong*,{dagger} and David H. Rapaport{dagger}

Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

{dagger} e-mails: lily-wong{at}ouhsc.edu; drapaport{at}ucsd.edu

Accepted 5 March 2009

Extrinsic cues and intrinsic competence act in concert for cell fate determination in the developing vertebrate retina. However, what controls competence and how precise is the control are largely unknown. We studied the regulation of competence by examining the order in which individual retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) generate daughters. Experiments were performed in Xenopus laevis, whose full complement of retinal cells is formed in 2 days. We lineage-labeled RPCs at the optic vesicle stage. Subsequently we administered a cell cycle marker, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at early, middle or late periods of retinogenesis. Under these conditions, and in this animal, BrdU is not cleared by the time of analysis, allowing cumulative labeling. All retinal cell types were generated throughout nearly the entire retinogenesis period. When we examined the order that individual RPCs generated daughters, we discovered a regular and consistent sequence according to phenotype: RGC, Ho, CPr, RPr, Am, BP, MG. The precision of the order between the clones supports a model in which RPCs proceed through stepwise changes in competence to make each cell type, and do so unidirectionally. Because every cell type can be generated simultaneously within the same retinal environment, the change in RPC competence is likely to be autonomous.

Key words: Xenopus, Eye, Retinogenesis, Cell fate determination, Cellular competence, 5-Bromodeoxyuridine


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