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First published online May 8, 2009
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.030403
Review |

Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9/4, Vienna Biocenter, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
Author for correspondence (e-mail:
denise.barlow{at}univie.ac.at)
SUMMARY
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene expression in cis or in trans are a shared feature of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. In mammals, cis-acting functions are associated with macro ncRNAs, which can be several hundred thousand nucleotides long. Imprinted ncRNAs are well-studied macro ncRNAs that have cis-regulatory effects on multiple flanking genes. Recent advances indicate that they employ different downstream mechanisms to regulate gene expression in embryonic and placental tissues. A better understanding of these downstream mechanisms will help to improve our general understanding of the function of ncRNAs throughout the genome.
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