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First published online June 5, 2009
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.033175

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Retinal horizontal cells: challenging paradigms of neural development and cancer biology

¹ Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
² Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
³ Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: poche{at}bcm.edu)

SUMMARY

A group of retinal interneurons known as horizontal cells has recently been shown to exhibit a variety of unique biological properties, as compared with other nerve cells, that challenge many long-standing assumptions in the fields of neural development and cancer biology. These features include their unusual migratory behavior, their unique morphological plasticity, and their propensity to divide at a relatively late stage during development. Here, we review these novel features, discuss their relevance for other cell types, outline open questions in our understanding of horizontal cell development and consider their implications.

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