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First published online 10 June 2009
doi: 10.1242/dev.033985

Development 136, 2323-2327 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
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Research Report

Suppression of the immune response potentiates tadpole tail regeneration during the refractory period

Taro Fukazawa, Yuko Naora, Takekazu Kunieda and Takeo Kubo*

Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: stkubo{at}biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp)

Accepted 8 May 2009

SUMMARY

Regenerative ability varies depending on animal species and developmental stage, but the factors that determine this variability remain unclear. Although Xenopus laevis tadpole tails possess high regenerative ability, this is transiently lost during the `refractory period'. Here, we show that tail amputation evokes different immune responses in wound tail stumps between the `refractory' and `regeneration' periods: there was delayed or prolonged expression of some immune-related genes in the refractory period, whereas there was no obvious or transient expression of other immune-related genes in the regeneration periods. In addition, immune suppression induced by either immunosuppressant treatment or immune cell depletion by knockdown of PU.1 significantly restored regenerative ability during the refractory period. These findings indicate that immune responses have a crucial role in determining regenerative ability in Xenopus tadpole tails.

Key words: Regeneration, Immune response, Xenopus laevis


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Related articles in Development:

Immune system development curtails regeneration

Development 2009 136: e1401. [Full Text]  





© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2009