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First published online 1 July 2009
doi: 10.1242/dev.038448

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The ENTH domain protein Clint1 is required for epidermal homeostasis in zebrafish

¹ Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
² Institute for Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
³ Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
⁴ Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: huttenlocher{at}wisc.edu)

Accepted 21 May 2009

Epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation are hallmarks of the human condition psoriasis. Here, we report that a zebrafish line with a mutation in the cargo adaptor protein Clint1 exhibits psoriasis-like phenotypes including epithelial hyperproliferation and leukocyte infiltration. Clint1 is an ENTH domain-containing protein that binds SNARE proteins and functions in vesicle trafficking; however, its in vivo function in animal models has not been reported to date. The clint1 mutants exhibit chronic inflammation characterized by increased Interleukin 1β expression, leukocyte infiltration, bidirectional trafficking and phagocytosis of cellular debris. The defects in clint1 mutants can be rescued by expression of zebrafish clint1 and can be phenocopied with clint1-specific morpholinos, supporting an essential role for Clint1 in epidermal development. Interaction studies suggest that Clint1 and Lethal giant larvae 2 function synergistically to regulate epidermal homeostasis. Accordingly, clint1 mutants show impaired hemidesmosome formation, loss of cell-cell contacts and increased motility suggestive of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our findings describe a novel function for the ENTH domain protein Clint1 in epidermal development and inflammation and suggest that its deficiency in zebrafish generates a phenotype that resembles the human condition psoriasis.

Key words: Epidermis, Zebrafish, Inflammation, Hemidesmosome

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				M. E. Dodd, J. Hatzold, J. R. Mathias, K. B. Walters, D. A. Bennin, J. Rhodes, J. P. Kanki, A. T. Look, M. Hammerschmidt, and A. Huttenlocher The ENTH domain protein Clint1 is required for epidermal homeostasis in zebrafish J. Cell Sci., August 1, 2009; 122(15): e1507 - e1507. [Full Text]