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First published online 18 February 2009
doi: 10.1242/dev.023820

Development 136, 1083-1092 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
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Noncanonical frizzled signaling regulates cell polarity of growth plate chondrocytes

Yuwei Li and Andrew T. Dudley*

Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: a-dudley{at}northwestern.edu)

Accepted 28 January 2009

Bone growth is driven by cell proliferation and the subsequent hypertrophy of chondrocytes arranged in columns of discoid cells that resemble stacks of coins. However, the molecular mechanisms that direct column formation and the importance of columnar organization to bone morphogenesis are not known. Here, we show in chick that discoid proliferative chondrocytes orient the division plane to generate daughter cells that are initially displaced laterally and then intercalate into the column. Downregulation of frizzled (Fzd) signaling alters the dimensions of long bones and produces cell-autonomous changes in proliferative chondrocyte organization characterized by arbitrary division planes and altered cell stacking. These defects are phenocopied by disruption of noncanonical effector pathways but not by inhibitors of canonical Fzd signaling. These findings demonstrate that the regulation of cell polarity and cell arrangement by noncanonical Fzd signaling plays important roles in generating the unique morphological characteristics that shape individual cartilage elements.

Key words: Fzd signaling, Polarity, Chondrocyte, Planar cell polarity, Morphogenesis, Skeleton


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