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First published online April 10, 2009
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.029645

Development 136, 1399-1410 (2009)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2009
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Review

Drosophila dosage compensation: a complex voyage to the X chromosome

Marnie E. Gelbart and Mitzi I. Kuroda*

Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA.

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: mkuroda{at}genetics.med.harvard.edu)

SUMMARY

Dosage compensation is the crucial process that equalizes gene expression from the X chromosome between males (XY) and females (XX). In Drosophila, the male-specific lethal (MSL) ribonucleoprotein complex mediates dosage compensation by upregulating transcription from the single male X chromosome approximately twofold. A key challenge is to understand how the MSL complex distinguishes the X chromosome from autosomes. Recent studies suggest that this occurs through a multi-step targeting mechanism that involves DNA sequence elements and epigenetic marks associated with transcription. This review will discuss the relative contributions of sequence elements and transcriptional marks to the complete pattern of MSL complex binding.


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