spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif spacer gif
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


spacer gif
     Home     Help     Feedback     Subscriptions     Archive     Search    

The fully linked HTML version of this article has now been published.
Development ePress online publication date 5 Nov 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00846

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
dev.00846v1
130/25/6209    most recent
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Suzuki, K.
Right arrow Articles by Yamada, G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Suzuki, K.
Right arrow Articles by Yamada, G.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Research article

Regulation of outgrowth and apoptosis for the terminal appendage: external genitalia: development by concerted actions of BMP signaling


Kentaro Suzuki, Daniel Bachiller, YiPing P. Chen, Mami Kamikawa, Hidenao Ogi, Ryama Haraguchi, Yukiko Ogino, Yasuhiro Minami, Yuji Mishina, Kyung Ahn, E. Bryan Crenshaw III, and Gen Yamada*
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: gen{at}kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp)

Extra-corporal fertilization depends on the formation of copulatory organs: the external genitalia. Coordinated growth and differentiation of the genital tubercle (GT), an embryonic anlage of external genitalia, generates a proximodistally elongated structure suitable for copulation, erection, uresis and ejaculation. Despite recent progress in molecular embryology, few attempts have been made to elucidate the molecular developmental processes of external genitalia formation.

Bone morphogenetic protein genes (Bmp genes) and their antagonists were spatiotemporally expressed during GT development. Exogenously applied BMP increased apoptosis of GT and inhibited its outgrowth. It has been shown that the distal urethral epithelium (DUE), distal epithelia marked by the Fgf8 expression, may control the initial GT outgrowth. Exogenously applied BMP4 downregulated the expression of Fgf8 and Wnt5a, concomitant with increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation of the GT mesenchyme. Furthermore, noggin mutants and Bmpr1a conditional mutant mice displayed hypoplasia and hyperplasia of the external genitalia respectively. noggin mutant mice exhibited downregulation of Wnt5a and Fgf8 expression with decreased cell proliferation. Consistent with such findings, Wnt5a mutant mice displayed GT agenesis with decreased cell proliferation. By contrast, Bmpr1a mutant mice displayed decreased apoptosis and augmented Fgf8 expression in the DUE associated with GT hyperplasia. These results suggest that some of the Bmp genes could negatively affect proximodistally oriented outgrowth of GT with regulatory functions on cell proliferation and apoptosis.

The DUE region can be marked only until 14.0 dpc (days post coitum) in mouse development, while GT outgrowth continues thereafter. Possible signaling crosstalk among the whole distal GT regions were also investigated.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
C. Lin, Y. Yin, G. M. Veith, A. V. Fisher, F. Long, and L. Ma
Temporal and spatial dissection of Shh signaling in genital tubercle development
Development, December 1, 2009; 136(23): 3959 - 3967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
S. Miyagawa, A. Moon, R. Haraguchi, C. Inoue, M. Harada, C. Nakahara, K. Suzuki, D. Matsumaru, T. Kaneko, I. Matsuo, et al.
Dosage-dependent hedgehog signals integrated with Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling regulate external genitalia formation as an appendicular program
Development, December 1, 2009; 136(23): 3969 - 3978.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
A. W. Seifert, T. Yamaguchi, and M. J. Cohn
Functional and phylogenetic analysis shows that Fgf8 is a marker of genital induction in mammals but is not required for external genital development
Development, August 1, 2009; 136(15): 2643 - 2651.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JCBHome page
V. A. de Jesus Perez, T.-P. Alastalo, J. C. Wu, J. D. Axelrod, J. P. Cooke, M. Amieva, and M. Rabinovitch
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 induces pulmonary angiogenesis via Wnt-{beta}-catenin and Wnt-RhoA-Rac1 pathways
J. Cell Biol., January 12, 2009; 184(1): 83 - 99.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
C. Lin, Y. Yin, F. Long, and L. Ma
Tissue-specific requirements of {beta}-catenin in external genitalia development
Development, August 15, 2008; 135(16): 2815 - 2825.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
S. Ohta, K. Suzuki, K. Tachibana, H. Tanaka, and G. Yamada
Cessation of gastrulation is mediated by suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition at the ventral ectodermal ridge
Development, December 15, 2007; 134(24): 4315 - 4324.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Ultrasound MedHome page
F. Torcia, M. M. Salvatori, A. Valente, T. Di Netta, C. Mattioli, E. Pacifici, and M. Moscarini
Spontaneous In Utero Second-Trimester Resolution of Isolated Mild Fetal Megalourethra
J. Ultrasound Med., November 1, 2007; 26(11): 1625 - 1628.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
R. Haraguchi, J. Motoyama, H. Sasaki, Y. Satoh, S. Miyagawa, N. Nakagata, A. Moon, and G. Yamada
Molecular analysis of coordinated bladder and urogenital organ formation by Hedgehog signaling
Development, February 1, 2007; 134(3): 525 - 533.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
C. A. Podlasek, C. L. Meroz, Y. Tang, K. E. McKenna, and K. T. McVary
Regulation of Cavernous Nerve Injury-Induced Apoptosis by Sonic Hedgehog
Biol Reprod, January 1, 2007; 76(1): 19 - 28.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
M. Ormestad, J. Astorga, H. Landgren, T. Wang, B. R. Johansson, N. Miura, and P. Carlsson
Foxf1 and Foxf2 control murine gut development by limiting mesenchymal Wnt signaling and promoting extracellular matrix production
Development, March 1, 2006; 133(5): 833 - 843.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. A. Rey, E. Codner, G. Iniguez, P. Bedecarras, R. Trigo, C. Okuma, S. Gottlieb, I. Bergada, S. M. Campo, and F. G. Cassorla
Low Risk of Impaired Testicular Sertoli and Leydig Cell Functions in Boys with Isolated Hypospadias
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 6035 - 6040.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
J. Cobb and D. Duboule
Comparative analysis of genes downstream of the Hoxd cluster in developing digits and external genitalia
Development, July 1, 2005; 132(13): 3055 - 3067.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. Xin, T. Yue, Z. Ma, F.-f. Wu, A. Gow, and Q. R. Lu
Myelinogenesis and Axonal Recognition by Oligodendrocytes in Brain Are Uncoupled in Olig1-Null Mice
J. Neurosci., February 9, 2005; 25(6): 1354 - 1365.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003