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Development ePress online publication date 17 Dec 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00922

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Research article

DAF-5 is a Ski oncoprotein homolog that functions in a neuronal TGF{beta} pathway to regulate C. elegans dauer development


Li S. da Graca, Karen K. Zimmerman, Melissa C. Mitchell, Marianne Kozhan-Gorodetska, Kamila Sekiewicz, Yairani Morales, and Garth I. Patterson*
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: patterson{at}mbcl.rutgers.edu)

An unconventional TGF{beta} superfamily pathway plays a crucial role in the decision between dauer diapause and reproductive growth. We have studied the daf-5 gene, which, along with the daf-3 Smad gene, is antagonized by upstream receptors and receptor-regulated Smads. We show that DAF-5 is a novel member of the Sno/Ski superfamily that binds to DAF-3 Smad, suggesting that DAF-5, like Sno/Ski, is a regulator of transcription in a TGF{beta} superfamily signaling pathway. However, we present evidence that DAF-5 is an unconventional Sno/Ski protein, because DAF-5 acts as a co-factor, rather than an antagonist, of a Smad protein. We show that expressing DAF-5 in the nervous system rescues a daf-5 mutant, whereas muscle or hypodermal expression does not. Previous work suggested that DAF-5 and DAF-3 function in pharyngeal muscle to regulate gene expression, but our analysis of regulation of a pharynx specific promoter suggests otherwise. We present a model in which DAF-5 and DAF-3 control the production or release of a hormone from the nervous system by either regulating the expression of biosynthetic genes or by altering the connectivity or the differentiated state of neurons.
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