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Development ePress online publication date 2 Mar 2005
doi: 10.1242/dev.01702

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Research article

NF-{kappa}B signalling regulates the growth of neural processes in the developing PNS and CNS


Humberto Gutierrez*, Valerie A. Hale, Xavier Dolcet, and Alun Davies
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: humberto.g{at}ed.ac.uk)

The proper growth and elaboration of neural processes is essential for the establishment of a functional nervous system during development and is an integral feature of neural plasticity throughout life. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-{kappa}B) is classically known for its ubiquitous roles in inflammation, immune and stress-related responses and regulation of cell survival in all tissues, including the nervous system. NF-{kappa}B participation in other cellular processes remains poorly understood. Here we report a mechanism for controlling the growth of neural processes in developing peripheral and central neurons involving the transcription factor NF-{kappa}B. Inhibiting NF-{kappa}B activation with super-repressor I{kappa}B-{alpha}, BAY 11 7082 (I{kappa}B-{alpha} phosphorylation inhibitor) or N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (proteosomal degradation inhibitor), or inhibiting NF-{kappa}B transcriptional activity with {kappa}B decoy DNA substantially reduced the size and complexity of the neurite arbors of sensory neurons cultured with brain-derived neurotrophic factor while having no effect on their survival. NF-{kappa}B exerted this effect during a restricted period of development following the phase of naturally occurring neuronal death when the processes and connections of the remaining neurons are extensively modified and refined. Inhibiting NF-{kappa}B activation or NF-{kappa}B transcriptional activity in layer 2 pyramidal neurons in postnatal somatosensory cortical slices reduced dendritic arbor size and complexity. This function of NF-{kappa}B has important implications for neural development and may provide an explanation for reported involvement of NF-{kappa}B in learning and memory.
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