The fully linked HTML version of this article has now been published.
Development ePress online publication date 15 Mar 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02313
Research article
FGF9 and SHH signaling coordinate lung growth and development through regulation of distinct mesenchymal domains
Andrew C. White,
Jingsong Xu,
Yongjun Yin,
Craig Smith,
Gregory Schmid,
and
David M. Ornitz*
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: dornitz{at}wustl.edu)
Morphogenesis of the lung is regulated by reciprocal signaling between epithelium and mesenchyme. In previous studies, we have shown that FGF9 signals are essential for lung mesenchyme development. Using Fgf9 loss-of-function and inducible gain-of-function mouse models, we show that lung mesenchyme can be divided into two distinct regions: the sub-mesothelial and sub-epithelial compartments, which proliferate in response to unique growth factor signals. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 9 signals from the mesothelium (the future pleura) to sub-mesothelial mesenchyme through both FGF receptor (FGFR) 1 and FGFR2 to induce proliferation. FGF9 also signals from the epithelium to the sub-epithelial mesenchyme to maintain SHH signaling, which regulates cell proliferation, survival and the expression of mesenchymal to epithelial signals. We further show that FGF9 represses peribronchiolar smooth muscle differentiation and stimulates vascular development in vivo. We propose a model in which FGF9 and SHH signals cooperate to regulate mesenchymal proliferation in distinct submesothelial and subepithelial regions. These data provide a molecular mechanism by which mesothelial and epithelial FGF9 directs lung development by regulating mesenchymal growth, and the pattern and expression levels of mesenchymal growth factors that signal back to the epithelium.

CiteULike
Complore
Connotea
Del.icio.us
Digg
Reddit
Technorati
Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Kalinina, S. A. Byron, H. P. Makarenkova, S. K. Olsen, A. V. Eliseenkova, W. J. Larochelle, M. Dhanabal, S. Blais, D. M. Ornitz, L. A. Day, et al.
Homodimerization Controls the Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 Subfamily's Receptor Binding and Heparan Sulfate-Dependent Diffusion in the Extracellular Matrix
Mol. Cell. Biol.,
September 1, 2009;
29(17):
4663 - 4678.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Bhaskaran, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, T. Weng, P. Baviskar, Y. Guo, D. Gou, and L. Liu
MicroRNA-127 modulates fetal lung development
Physiol Genomics,
May 13, 2009;
37(3):
268 - 278.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. J. Geske, X. Zhang, K. K. Patel, D. M. Ornitz, and T. S. Stappenbeck
Fgf9 signaling regulates small intestinal elongation and mesenchymal development
Development,
September 1, 2008;
135(17):
2959 - 2968.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Rajagopal, T. J. Carroll, J. S. Guseh, S. A. Bores, L. J. Blank, W. J. Anderson, J. Yu, Q. Zhou, A. P. McMahon, and D. A. Melton
Wnt7b stimulates embryonic lung growth by coordinately increasing the replication of epithelium and mesenchyme
Development,
May 1, 2008;
135(9):
1625 - 1634.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Lu, T. Okubo, E. Rawlins, and B. L. M. Hogan
Epithelial Progenitor Cells of the Embryonic Lung and the Role of MicroRNAs in Their Proliferation
Proceedings of the ATS,
April 15, 2008;
5(3):
300 - 304.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Rottinger, A. Saudemont, V. Duboc, L. Besnardeau, D. McClay, and T. Lepage
FGF signals guide migration of mesenchymal cells, control skeletal morphogenesis and regulate gastrulation during sea urchin development
Development,
January 15, 2008;
135(2):
353 - 365.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. R. Badri, Y. Zhou, and L. Schuger
Embryological Origin of Airway Smooth Muscle
Proceedings of the ATS,
January 1, 2008;
5(1):
4 - 10.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. C. White, K. J. Lavine, and D. M. Ornitz
FGF9 and SHH regulate mesenchymal Vegfa expression and development of the pulmonary capillary network
Development,
October 15, 2007;
134(20):
3743 - 3752.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. J. Mondrinos, S. Koutzaki, P. I. Lelkes, and C. M. Finck
A tissue-engineered model of fetal distal lung tissue
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,
September 1, 2007;
293(3):
L639 - L650.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. S. Thomas, L. Pluta, L. Yang, and T. A. Halsey
Application of Genomic Biomarkers to Predict Increased Lung Tumor Incidence in 2-Year Rodent Cancer Bioassays
Toxicol. Sci.,
May 1, 2007;
97(1):
55 - 64.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Denham, B. J. Conley, F. Olsson, L. Gulluyan, T. J. Cole, and R. Mollard
A murine respiratory-inducing niche displays variable efficiency across human and mouse embryonic stem cell species
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,
May 1, 2007;
292(5):
L1241 - L1247.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. J. Lavine, A. C. White, C. Park, C. S. Smith, K. Choi, F. Long, C.-c. Hui, and D. M. Ornitz
Fibroblast growth factor signals regulate a wave of Hedgehog activation that is essential for coronary vascular development.
Genes & Dev.,
June 15, 2006;
20(12):
1651 - 1666.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X. Zhang, O. A. Ibrahimi, S. K. Olsen, H. Umemori, M. Mohammadi, and D. M. Ornitz
Receptor Specificity of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family: THE COMPLETE MAMMALIAN FGF FAMILY
J. Biol. Chem.,
June 9, 2006;
281(23):
15694 - 15700.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006