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The Arabidopsis nectary is an ABC-independent floral structure

Stuart F. Baum, Yuval Eshed and John L. Bowman*

Section of Plant Biology, Universsity of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA



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  		Fig. 1. SEM (A-D,I,K and O) and sections (E-H,J,L-N and P) of nectary development. (A) Arabidopsis flower before anthesis, stage 12-13 highlighting nectary glands (arrows). (B) Higher magnification of A showing lateral and medial nectary glands with intervening ridge (r) of tissue (arrow). (C) Close-up of lateral nectary gland showing reticulate pattern of the cuticle and modified stomata. (D) Close-up of medial nectary gland and intervening medial region without characteristic nectary gland cuticle. (E) Transverse section of two medial nectary glands and intervening region (arrow). (F,G) Transverse and longitudinal section of a lateral nectary gland, respectively. Arrows indicate sieve tube members (stm) and arrowheads indicate guard cells (gc). In G the nectary gland is expressing CRC::GUS. In E and F starch appears as dark grains within the cells of the nectary gland and intervening region. (H) Transverse section of the flower receptacle of a stage 9 flower. Arrows point to newly formed periclinal divisions of the L2 layer. (I) Morphology of a young lateral nectary gland from a stage 10 flower. (J) Transverse section of a stage 9-10 flower receptacle showing the early developmental anatomy of a lateral nectary gland. The gland is composed of two small protrusions from the receptacle. (K) Close-up of a medial and lateral nectary gland with intervening ridge of tissue (arrows) from a stage 13 flower. (L,M) Two serial consecutive sections of a stage 7/8 flower showing CRC expression. There is no expression in the medial domain in the region between the two medial stamens. (N) Transverse section of two medial nectary glands taken just within the receptacle of a stage 12 flower. Receptacle tissue is present in between the two glands and is expressing CRC::GUS (arrow). (O) A stage 13 crc mutant flower. The nectary glands are absent. (P) Transverse section through a stage 13 flower receptacle of a crc-1mutant showing three cell layers expressing CRC::GUS (red crystals), there is no expression in the middle of the medial domain. ln, lateral nectary gland; mn, medial nectary gland; lst, lateral stamen; mst, medial stamen; l, lateral domain; m, medial domain; pe, petal. Scale bars, 100 µm for A,B,D-H,K,N and O; 50 µm for I and J; 20 µm for C.

 


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  		Fig. 2. SEM of nectary glands from the ABC single, double and triple mutants. (A) pi-1, (B) ap3-3, (C) ag-1, (D,E) ap2-2, (F) an example of a disk-shaped nectary in ag-1, (G) ap2-2 pi-1, (H,I) ap2-2 ag-1, (J,K) ap2-2 pi-1 ag-1. White arrows and black asterisks indicate nectary glands; ln, lateral nectary gland; mc, medial carpel. Scale bars, 100 µm in A-C,E-K; 250 µm in D.

 


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  		Fig. 3. The effects of B class genes and the third whorl on nectary gland development as analyzed using SEM and sectioned material. (A,B) SEM of nectary glands from 35S::AP3 35S::PI (35S::"B") expressed in wild type and ap2-2 mutant, respectively. (C) Lateral nectary glands from a sup-1 mutant. (D) Longitudinal section of a lateral nectary gland from a plant expressing 35S::AP3 35S::PI. ET668 GUS expression is mainly seen at the tip of the nectary gland. (E,F) SEM of nectary glands from wild-type plants expressing 35S::AP3 and 35S::PI, respectively. (G,H) In situ localization of AP3 mRNA in young and older nectary glands, respectively, as seen in transverse section. ln, lateral nectary gland; mst, medial stamen; lst, lateral stamen; Scale bar,100 µm in A-E and 50 µm in F.

 


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  		Fig. 4. SEM of nectary glands from gain- and loss-of-function alleles of LFY and UFO. (A, B) lfy-6, (C) ufo-2, (D) 35S::LFY, (E) 35S::UFO, (F) lfy-6 35S::AP3 35S::PI (35S::"B"), (G) lfy-6 ufo-2 35S::AP3 35S::PI. st, stamen; pe, petal, r, nectary ridge; arrows, nectary glands. Scale bars, 100 µm.

 


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  		Fig. 5. Ectopic nectary-like glands and misexpression of CRC. (A) Misexpression of CRC::GUS at the base of flower pedicels in a lfy-6 mutant plant (arrows). (B) Ectopic nectary-like structure and stipule-like structure along the pedicel of an ap1-1 primary flower. (C) An ectopic nectary-like structure located at the base of a flower pedicel on the abaxial side of an ap1-1 35S::CRC plant. (D) Ectopic nectary-like structures positioned at the base of a flower pedicel in a 35S::CRC 35S::UFO plant. n, nectary gland-like structure; s, stipule-like structure. Scale bars, 100 µm.

 

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