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Transducing properties of Drosophila Frizzled proteins

Walter R. Strapps and Andrew Tomlinson

Department of Genetics and Development, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 701 West 168th Street, Room 602, New York, NY 10032, USA



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  		Fig. 1. Frizzled receptors, their chimeras and the phenotype they control. (A) The Frizzled class proteins are serpentine receptors. Each has a large extra cellular domain (N terminus) with a cysteine-rich domain (loops), a transmembrane domain region containing the seven transmembrane helices and the associated intra- and extra-cellular loops, and an intracellular domain (C terminus) of variable length. Chimeras were constructed by splicing the Fz (red) domains to Fz2 (blue) domains. (B) The wing (i) contains two features relevant to the signaling of the two receptors. Wg signaling organizes the wing margin, most notably the large bristles on the anterior margin (ii, iv). On the blade of the wing each cell is decorated with a small hair. Collectively the small hairs point to the distal end of the wing (iii, v). (C) The shape of the ommatidia indicate the polarity in the eye (the different chiral forms are shown as red or blue). In each half of the eye all ommatidia are of the same shape and this indicates polarity running from the midline of the eye towards the dorsal and ventral extremes (arrowheads).

 


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  		Fig. 2. Rescue of Wg signaling in the wing. Minute clones of fz2C1,fzH5 were induced in wings in the presence of (A) tub-1/1/1, (B) tub-1/2/2, (C) tub-2/1/1 and (D) tub-2/2/1. Clones were marked by the loss of the yellow marker. Arrowheads indicate non-mutant (yellow) bristles. In the presence of the tub constructs large healthy patches of mutant tissue identified by yellow bristles are present. Polarity defects are not rescued. The 3 chimeras shown are those that failed to rescue polarity in the eye. All chimeras tested showed rescue.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Rescue of fz mutant phenotypes in the eye. (A) Wild-type eyes show ommatidia uniformly organized and of the same chiral form (color). (B) fz mutant eyes show deregulation of the shape and orientation of the ommatidia. (C-E) When expressed under sev transcriptional control two of the chimeras show clear rescue of the fz phenotype. (C) sev-fz (1/1/1); fz. (D) sev-1/2/1; fz and (E) sev-1/1/2; fz. Only the chimeras that rescue are shown, those that failed are shown in the Wg rescue assay of Fig. 2.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Over-expression studies in the wing. In a wild-type wing the large bristles are confined to the anterior wing margin (A) and hairs on the wing blade are uniformly organized pointing towards the distal parts of the wing (B). In fz wings the margin bristles show polarity defects (C) and a severe polarity disruption is evident in the wing blade hairs (D). Over-expression of UAS-Fz using the C765 Gal4 driver line phenocopies fz mutant wings. The margin bristles (E) and wing blade hairs (F) show clear polarity defects. Over-expression of Fz2 does not affect polarity but ectopic margin bristles occur (G,H), usually close to the margin but some can be in the main blade region (arrowheads). Over-expression of the two chimeras 2/1/1 and 1/2/2 induces ectopic margin bristles (I,K) and polarity defects (J,L).

 

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