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A rice heterochronic mutant, mori1, is defective in the juvenile-adult phase change

¹ Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
² Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Development of mori1-1 plant. (A) Wild-type rice plant 10 days after sowing. (B-F) mori1-1 plants at 1 week (B); 1 month (C); 2 months (D); 5 months (E); 7 months (F). (G) Top view of mori1-1 plant shown in F. The mori1 plant invariably produces many small leaves throughout the development. Bar in A, 1 cm (A-G).

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Leaf phenotype of wild-type and mori1 plants. (A) 4th leaf blade of wild-type plant. (B) 3rd leaf blade of wild-type plant. (C) 2nd leaf blade of wild-type plant. (D) Leaf from higher up the stem of a 1-month-old mori1-1 plant, which is similar to the wild-type second leaf C. Bar, 1 cm for (A-D).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Change in leaf size with position. (A) Leaf blade length. (B) Leaf blade width. (C) Leaf sheath length. (D) Leaf blade to sheath ratio. The mori1-1 (squares) and mori1-2 (triangles) leaves show small and constant sizes compared to the growing leaves in the wild type (circles). Vertical bars indicate s.e.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Anatomy of wild-type and mori1-1 leaves. (A,D) Wild-type 2nd leaf. (B,E) Wild-type 11th leaf. (C,F) mori1-1 leaf from a higher position of a 42-day-old plant. (A-C) Leaf blade. (D-F) Leaf sheath. A large midrib (arrowhead) develops in the wild-type 11th leaf (B,E), but midrib is not prominent in the wild-type 2nd leaf (A,D) and mori1-1 leaves (C,F). Bars, 500 µm.

View larger version (149K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Stem structure of wild-type and mori1-1. (A) Wild-type stem 1 month after sowing, in which nodes (arrowheads) and internodes are apparent in the upper region, but they are not differentiated, and vascular bundles are randomly oriented in the basal region. (B) mori1-1 stem 7 months after sowing, where vascular bundles are randomly oriented and nodes are not formed in any region. Bars, 1 mm.

View larger version (77K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Change of SAM size during development in wild-type and mori1. (A-F) Wild-type SAM. (G-M) mori1-1 SAM. (A,G) 1 week; (B,H) 2 weeks; (C,I) 3 weeks; (D,J) 4 weeks; (E,K) 5 weeks; (F,L) 6 weeks; (M) 7 months, after sowing. In the wild type, the SAM becomes larger as development progresses, but in mori1-1, the SAM size is almost constant irrespective of the developmental stage. Arrowheads indicate the SAM. Bar (in M), 50 µm (A-M).

View larger version (138K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Expression of histone H4 RNA in wild-type and mori1 SAM 1 week after sowing. (A-C) SAM of (A) wild-type seedling 7 days after sowing in which histone H4 is not expressed; (B) wild-type embryo 6 days after pollination in which several cells express histone H4; (C) mori1-1 seedling 7 days after sowing in which several cells express histone H4. (D) The number of cells expressing histone H4 per median longitudinal section of the SAM. In the wild-type SAM 7 days after sowing (solid bar), histone H4 is expressed in only one or two cells, in contrast to the frequent expression (4-6 cells) in the wild-type embryo 6 days after pollination (dotted bar) and mori1-1 1 week after sowing (open bar). Bars, 50 µm.

View larger version (92K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Regeneration of adventitious shoots from scutellum-derived calli. (A) Normal adventitious shoots from wild-type calli. (B) Adventitious shoots with mori1 phenotype regenerated from mori1-1 calli.

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Effect of sucrose in culture medium on mori1 growth. A mori1 plant cultured in the absence of sucrose (–) for 25 days, becomes chlorotic and etiolated, in contrast to the green plant grown in the presence of sucrose (+).