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First published online August 4, 2003
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00693

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Embryo morphogenesis: getting down to cells and molecules

¹ Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 351634, Nashville, TN 37235-1634, USA
² Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. New imaging techniques provide new insights into morphogenetic processes. (A-D) Fate mapping the origin of the parapineal organ in zebrafish. (A,B) Zebrafish embryos in which caged-fluorescein (pseudo-coloured in red) in the left (A) and right (B) dorsal epithalamus was photo-activated by laser. Images in (C,D) show the presence of the label in both pineal (po) and parapineal organs [images courtesy of Miguel Concha and Steve Wilson, modified, with permission, from Concha et al. (Concha et al., 2003)]. (E,F) Surface imaging microscopy (SIM) in a middle- (E) and late-gastrula (F) frog embryo from a mid-sagittal perspective (images courtesy of Andrew Ewald, John Wallingford and Scott Fraser).

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Evolutionarily conserved planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway controls diverse cellular behaviors during invertebrate and vertebrate development. (A) Convergence and extension can be achieved during gastrulation via distinct cellular activities: (a) in X. laevis mesoderm by mediolateral intercalation; (b) in X. laevis neuroectoderm by dorsally directed intercalation; and (c) in zebrafish lateral mesoderm by combined anterior and dorsally directed migration. (B) The D. melanogaster PCP pathway (shown in blue) mediates cell polarity in the plane of epithelia (epithelial cells also exhibit apical-basal polarization, shown in C). The vertebrate equivalent of this pathway, the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (shown in red), is required for the mediolateral elongation of mesenchymal mesodermal and epithelial neuroectodermal cells, which exhibit such diverse behaviors as directed migration, and mediolateral and dorsal intercalation (as shown in A). Modified, with permission, from Myers et al. (Myers et al., 2002).