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First published online 21 July 2004
doi: 10.1242/dev.01270


Development 131, 4047-4058 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004


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Gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signaling molecules in the ascidian embryo: towards a comprehensive understanding of gene networks

Kaoru S. Imai*, Kyosuke Hino*, Kasumi Yagi, Nori Satoh and Yutaka Satou{dagger}

Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan



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Fig. 1. Early restriction of developmental fates in the ascidian embryo. (A) Cell lineage of blastomeres during early embryogenesis. Because the embryo is bilaterally symmetrical, only the left half of the embryo is shown. Thick and colored lines indicate blastomeres whose developmental fate becomes restricted to one tissue. This is based mainly on data obtained in Halocynthia by Nishida (Nishida, 1987Go). (B) Schematic representations of the ascidian embryo. Blastomeres whose developmental fate is restricted to one tissue are in color: yellow, endoderm; orange, mesenchyme; light blue, muscle; dark blue, notochord; green, epidermis; pink, nerve cord; red, nervous system. The blastomeres marked with asterisks give rise to muscle and trunk ventral cells.

 


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Fig. 2. Examples of expression profiles of transcription factor genes (A, Lhx3; B, neurogenin; C, Jun; D, C/EBPß/{delta}/{epsilon}) and signaling genes (E, Dickkopf; F, Wnt5). Scale bar: 100 µm.

 


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Fig. 3. Maternal and zygotic expression of Ciona transcription factor genes. (A) Maternal expression of transcription factor genes. (B) The numbers (bars and the left scale) and the ratios (red line and the right scale) of maternal expression of each transcription factor family. (C) Maternal and zygotic expression of transcription factor genes. (D) Genes zygotically expressed at each developmental stage. (E) The numbers of zygotic expression of each transcription factor family. (F) The ratios of zygotic expression of each transcription factor family. The line indicates the total proportion of genes in seven transcription factor families expressed zygotically at each developmental stage.

 


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Fig. 4. Comprehensive lists of transcription factor genes and major signal transduction genes that are downstream of ß-catenin, FoxD and Fgf9/16/20 at the early gastrula stage. Genes indicated by black and red letters are down- and upregulated by suppression of each gene, respectively. See the text for a detailed description of the gene expression profile.

 





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