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First published online June 1, 2005
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.01848

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Formation of the head organizer in hydra involves the canonical Wnt pathway

Department of Developmental and Cell Biology and the Developmental Biology Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA

View larger version (110K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of a 2-day treatment with 5 µmol/l alsterpaullone on the formation of ectopic tentacles in adult hydra. Control (A) and alsterpaullone-treated (B) animals. (C,D) Control and alsterpaullone-treated animals stained with the TS-19 antibody.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of alsterpaullone on hydra GSK-3ß activity. (A) Activity of purified GSK-3ß isolated from a hydra lysate using GSM or GSM[nP) as a substrate. Results expressed as percentage of the activity in the lysate using GSM. (B) Effect of alsterpaullone on isolated GSK-3ß activity. Data are presented as the mean value of two independent experiments.

View larger version (87K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of alsterpaullone on the accumulation of ß-catenin in cell membranes in the body column, as measured with an anti-ß-catenin antibody. (A) Control. (B) Animal treated with 5 µmol/l alsterpaullone for 24 hours.

View larger version (158K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. A higher level of ß-catenin in nuclei of the hypostome (A,B) compared with nuclei of the body column (C,D). (A,C) Staining with the anti-ß-catenin antibody; (B,D) staining with propidium iodide. The intense horizontal lines of stain are in the membranes of processes extending from the epithelial cells along the basement membrane.

View larger version (125K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Increasing accumulation of ß-catenin in the nuclei of body column cells as a function of the concentration of alsterpaullone. (A,B) 0.3 mmol/l; (C,D). 1.25 mmol/l; (E,F) 3.0 mmol/l. (A,C,E) Staining with the anti-ß-catenin antibody; (B,D,F) staining with propidium iodide.

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Changes in the expression patterns of HyBra1 (A,B), HyTcf (C,D) and HyWnt (E,F) after treatment with alsterpaullone, as visualized using in situ hybridization. (A,C,E) Control animals; (B,D,F) animals treated with alsterpaullone for 24 hours (B,D) or 48 hours (F).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Acquisition by the body column of the capacity to induce a second axis after treatment with alsterpaullone. (A) Diagram of the experiment. (B) An example of a transplant inducing a second axis. The arrow indicates the unlabeled donor tissue as a part of the induced axis (host tissue labeled with India ink). (C). Results of the grafting procedure.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Acquisition by the body column of the capacity to produce head inhibition after treatment with alsterpaullone. (A) Diagram of the experiment. (B) Results of two experiments using the grafting procedure.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Acquisition by the body column of the capacity to produce a signal that sets up the head activation gradient. (A). Diagram of the experiment. (B) Results.

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