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First published online 13 September 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02576

Development 133, 3973-3982 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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A caudal mRNA gradient controls posterior development in the wasp Nasonia

Eugenia C. Olesnicky1, Ava E. Brent1, Lori Tonnes2, Megan Walker2, Mary Anne Pultz2, David Leaf2 and Claude Desplan1,*

1 New York University, Department of Biology, New York, NY 10003, USA.
2 Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Posterior localization of cad mRNA. (A) Nvit cad is posteriorly localized in the ovary and early embryo. (B) Nvit cad localization in later stage follicles prior to nurse cell degeneration. (C,D) mRNA localizes to the oosome in freshly laid embryos. (E,F) A posterior-to-anterior Nvit cad mRNA gradient forms. (G) This gradient is also present during early zygotic transcription 2-3 hours after egg laying. (H) In Drosophila, cad is found throughout the early embryo. oc, oocyte; fc, follicle cells; nc, nurse cells.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Zygotic expression of cad in both Nasonia and Drosophila. (A,B) Zygotic Nvit cad is first expressed in the posterior three quarters of the embryo from 0-3 hAEL. (C-F) Expression recedes to form two and finally one posterior stripe at 3-5 hAEL. (G) Nvit cad expression in ho mutant embryos. (H-L) The Dm cad expression is similar to Nvit cad expression (compare A-F with H-L).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Regulation of zygotic Nvit cad expression. Wild-type zygotic Nvit cad expression (A,D). Nvit cad expression is de-repressed throughout embryo in Nvit otd RNAi embryos (B). Nvit cad is expressed in a complimentary pattern to Nvit otd (C). Nvit cad is a expressed with a duplicated stripe at the anterior on hbhl embryos (E,F). Wild-type expression of Dm cad (G). Dm hb-/- zygotic mutant embryos show a partial dorsal anterior ectopic stripe of Dm cad expression (H). Dm cad is ectopically activated in the presence of ventrally misexpressed Dm tll (I).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Loss of Nvit cad causes a `head only' phenotype. (A) The wild-type Nvit cuticle consists of three thoracic denticle belts and 10 abdominal denticle belts. (B) Thoracic segment 2, as well as A1-A3 abdominal denticle belts, show spiracles. Nvit cad RNAi results in loss of most abdominal denticle belts. (C) ho also shows loss of abdominal segments. (D) The Dm wild-type cuticle consists of eight abdominal denticle belts. (E) Dm cadmat mutants show loss of A4 and A8. (F) Dm cadmat+zyg show loss of many abdominal segments. (G-I) engrailed expression in Nvit wild-type (G), Nvit cad RNAi (H) and ho (I) embryos.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Nvit cad regulates gap gene expression. Expression of Nvit hb (A-C), Nvit kni (D-F), Nvit Kr (G-I), Nvit gt (J-L) and Nvit tll (M-O) in wild-type, (A,D,G,J,M), in Nvit cad RNAi (B,E,H,K,N) or in ho embryos (C,F,I,L,O). Nvit cad regulates the expression of these gap genes in the abdomen and thorax.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Dm cad is a weak activator of Dm kni and Dm gt. Dm gt expression in wild-type (A,C) and Dm cadmat+zyg embryos (B,D). Dm kni expression in wild-type (E,G) and Dm cadmat+zyg embryos (F,H). Dm Kr expression (I,J). Dm hb expression (K,L). Dm tll expression (M,N). Wild-type embryos (I,K,M). Dm cadmat+zyg embryos (J,L,N).

 

Figure 7
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  		Fig. 7. Dm cad regulates pair rule gene expression. (A) Wild-type Dm eve expression. (B) Dm eve expression in Dm cadmat+zyg embryos. (C) Wild-type Dm ftz expression. (D) Dm ftz expression in Dm cadmat+zyg embryos.

 




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