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First published online October 30, 2006
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.02639

Development 133, 4393-4397 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Transcription saga tells developmental stories

Barbara J. Graves1 and John W. Tamkun2

1 Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
2 Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. A model for the structure of the RNA polymerase II transcription pre-initiation complex. The structure of RNA PolII (white), TFIIB (yellow), TBP (green) and promoter DNA, where the positions of the protein and DNA have been deduced from site-specific hydroxyl radical cleavage and photocrosslinking. The blue patches on the surface of RNA PolII are hydroxyl radical cleavage sites derived from Fe-EDTA probes inserted in the DNA backbone. The highlighted base pair (purple and red) is the presumed initiation site for DNA-strand separation. Modified, with permission, from Miller and Hahn (Miller and Hahn, 2006Go).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Organization of the chromatin fiber by gypsy insulators. A model of insulator sites forming an insulator body in the nucleus of interphase cells. The interior of the nucleus is represented in gray, the nuclear lamina is depicted in red, and the nuclear membrane and cytoplasm are indicated in light blue. Dark blue, green, purple and yellow spheres represent various gypsy insulator proteins. The chromatin fiber is shown in gold. Image courtesy of Victor Corces.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Multiphoton microscopy imaging of a polytene nucleus. Multiphoton microscopy imaging of a polytene nucleus resolves individual, native, genetic loci and enables transcription factors involved in gene activation to be watched in real time. In the two 3D reconstruction images of a cell nucleus from Drosophila salivary gland tissues shown, heat-shock factor (green) resides in the nucleoplasm at room temperature (22°C, left). Upon heat shock (36.5°C, right), it rapidly associates with chromosomes (red) to activate the transcription of heat-shock genes. Image courtesy of John Lis.

 




© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2006