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First published online 29 March 2007
doi: 10.1242/dev.002014

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The heart's Da Vinci code: a renaissance at Keystone

¹ Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Department of Pediatrics and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
² Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The cellular hierarchy of cardiac progenitors and their lineage specification. (A) Multipotent Isl1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells (MICPs) express Isl1, Nkx2.5 and Flk1, and can give rise to all three lineages - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and endothelium - during embryonic heart development. (B) Loss of Flk1 expression yields Isl1+/Nkx2.5+ cells that are similar to postnatal Isl1+ progenitors and that can generate cardiac or smooth-muscle lineages. (C) Isl1+/Flk1+ cells are more restricted in their ability to differentiate; they can give rise to either endothelial or smooth-muscle cells. Adapted from Moretti et al. (Moretti et al., 2006), with permission.