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Fig. 3. The piRNA pathway is required for germline development. (A)
piwi is required for the self-renewing division of germline stem
cells during oogenesis. DAPI-stained images of 0- to 1-day-old adult ovarioles
from wild-type (WT; +/+) and piwi2 Drosophila. WT ovarioles contain a
long string of developing egg chambers produced through continuous stem cell
division. By contrast, piwi mutant ovarioles typically contain only
two egg chambers, derived through stem cell differentiation and loss. Ge,
germarium; S1, stage 1 egg chamber [from Cox et al.
(Cox et al., 1998 )].
(B) Increased DNA damage in the germline cells of aub mutant
ovaries. Drosophila ovaries immunostained to reveal the
phosphorylated form of histone H2Av ( -H2Av, red) and DNA (blue).
-H2Av accumulates near double-strand break (DSB) sites. In WT ovaries,
-H2Av foci are restricted to region 2 of the germarium, where meiotic
DSBs form. In aub mutant ovaries, -H2Av foci accumulate in
cells within the germarium and persist and increase in intensity only in the
germline as cysts bud from the germarium to form egg chambers [from
Klattenhoff et al. (Klattenhoff et al.,
2007)]. (C) Miwi2 mutation depletes germ cell
lineages in mouse testes. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining of WT and
Miwi2 mutant adult testes shows germline degeneration in
Miwi2 mutant mouse testes [from Carmell et al.
(Carmell et al., 2007)].
(D) Ziwi is necessary for the maintenance of the zebrafish germline. HE
staining shows that ziwi mutants have germ-cell-depleted testes, as
compared with WT [from Houwing et al.
(Houwing et al., 2007)]. (A)
Reprinted with permission from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; (B,C,D)
reprinted with permission from Elsevier.
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