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Neural tube closure in Xenopus laevis involves medial migration, directed protrusive activity, cell intercalation, and convergent extension

L. A. Davidson and R. E. Keller

Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

Address for correspondence: lance_davidson{at}virginia.edu

This page contains time-lapse sequences that have been reduced and compressed into Quicktime versions from the original NIH-Image stacks. The lookup table has been inverted so that fluorescent-dextran labeled cells appear dark against a background of unlabeled cells. Even with compression the longest sequence is 2.5 Mb. To view the sequence click on the still. If you have any difficulty viewing these (aside from the download times) email lance_davidson{at}virginia.edu.

QuickTime Video JPEG Image Figure 3.

Medial Migration of Slug Expressing Cells

A scattered labeled sheet of cells migrate to the right toward the midline (a line from top to bottom to the right of the labeled patch) beneath the recently fused epidermis. Over the course of the timelapse sequence the labeled cells converge on the midline. During this convergence the sheet also extends along the axis. The contiguously labeled sheet extends and is broken apart as unlabeled cells intercalate between labeled cells. Such sequences are characteristic of "convergent extension" movements.

QuickTime Video JPEG Image Figure 4.

Medially-directed Monopolar Protrusive Activity During Convergence of Slug Expressing Cells.

This single labeled cell in the slug-expression domain migrates to the right toward the midline (running from top to bottom at the right). Quantitative analysis of cell movements shows that most of the protrusive activity is directed medially.

QuickTime Video JPEG Image Figure 5.

Mediolaterally-directed Bipolar Protrusive Activity During Convergence of Dorsal N-tubulin Expressing Cells.

These two labeled cells in the dorsal-most n-tubulin expression domain migrate to the right toward the midline (running from top to bottom at the right). Quantitative analysis of cell movements shows that the protrusive activity is directed both medially and laterally.

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This Article
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