Fig. 8. Effect of the combined ectopic expression of Hoxa3 and Hoxb4 on facial development. (A) At E7, embryos carrying Hoxa3 and Hoxb4 co-electroporated neural folds are devoid of facial structures. (A') Higher magnification showing the underdeveloped nasal, maxillary and mandibular buds. (B) In the forehead of chimeric embryos, graft-derived cells differentiate as pericytes (arrows) for the telencephalic capillaries (C) and for the choroid membrane (D), though in the latter, large blood lacunae (Bl) form. Note the blood vessels (Bv) and blood lacunae are filled with nucleated erythrocytes. (E) In the nasal region, quail cells contribute to ciliary muscles and corneal endothelium (F) and give rise to mesenchyme in the nasal buds (G). Cm, ciliary muscle; Mdb, mandibular bud; Mxb, maxillary bud; Nlb, nasolateral bud; Nmb, nasomedial bud. Scale bar: 360 µm in B; 15 µm in C; 25 µm in D; 700 µm in E; 50 µm in F; 60 µm in G.

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