Fig. 4. skd and kto act synergistically and influence cell affinity when overexpressed. (A-C) Adult wings from flies overexpressing two copies of skd (A), two copies of kto (B), or one copy of skd and one copy of kto (C) with vg-GAL4. The wing margin is reduced by overexpression of either gene alone, but the effect is much stronger when both are co-expressed. (D-I) Wing discs, stained with Wg (red), in which clones expressing two copies of skd (D,G) two copies of kto (E,H), or one copy of skd and one copy of kto (F,I) have been induced. All clones are positively labeled by GFP expression (green; G-I). Arrows indicate clones that distort the DV boundary, producing a bulge in the Wg stripe. (J) Clones overexpressing two copies of kto, or one copy each of skd and kto, are rounder than clones overexpressing two copies of skd. Mean circularity for two copies of skd is 0.44, for two copies of kto 0.78 and for one copy of skd and one copy of kto 0.71. Lines within the bars indicate ±1 s.d. P<0.001 for a comparison of two copies of skd to skd and kto. The difference between two copies of kto, and skd and kto is not significant. (K) Size distribution of clones overexpressing two copies of skd (yellow), two copies of kto (orange), or one copy of skd and one copy of kto (green). Clones overexpressing both skd and kto are smaller in size. A total of 173 clones overexpressing two copies of skd, 66 clones overexpressing two copies of kto and 186 clones overexpressing both genes were analyzed.

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