Fig. 5. (A-D) Frog tadpoles were injected [or not; (A) control] with 10 ng chordin-MOs (B), 10 ng TSG-MO (C) or both sets of MOs (D) into the two dorsal blastomeres at the four-cell stage. Dorsal injection of Chd-MOs or the TSG-MO leads to reduced heads in frog tadpoles (B and C), and the two sets of MOs cooperate to further reduce, and even eliminate, head structures in the resulting tadpoles (D). The length of the anterior-posterior body axis is also foreshortened. (E-H) Early tailbud stage embryos injected with 5 ng TSG-MO (F), or 5 ng of each chordin MO (G), or 5 ng TSG-MO + 5 ng of each chordin MO (H) into each blastomere at the four-cell stage. Inhibition of expression of TSG resulted in a mild head reduction (F) compared with control (E), whereas the Chd-MOs had a weaker effect (G). However, the TSG-MO and Chd-MOs strongly cooperate to produce significant head defects in conjunction with a shortening of the anterior-posterior body axis and apparent expansion of the ventroposterior region (H). In all panels anterior is to the right and dorsal is to the top.

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