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Fig. 4. Exogenous BMP4 downregulates the expression of Fgf8, Wnt5a and cyclin D1 and suppresses cell proliferation. GTs from 12.0 dpc embryos were cultured for 3 days (A,B) or for 24 hours (C-H) with BMP4 protein or BSA in the medium. (A,B) BMP4-treated GT displayed retarded GT outgrowth. (C-H) Fgf8, Wnt5a and cyclin D1 expression were suppressed by BMP4 treatment. Shh expression was unaltered by BMP4 treatment indicating specific effects by BMP4 (data not shown). (I) Reduced cell proliferation of BMP4-treated GT. The number of phospho-histone H3 immunopositive cells decreased to 60% compared with those of control GT explants. (J) Alteration of Fgf8 expression was observed 6.5 hours after the BMP4 treatment by RT-PCR analysis. (A-H) Ventral views. Scale bar: 250 µm in A,B; 325 µm in C-H.





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