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Fig. 8. Possible signaling crosstalks in the whole distal GT region including the
DUE. (A) SEM picture of an embryonic genital tubercle (GT) at 12.5 dpc. The
yellow region shows the location of the DUE. (B) Coronal sections of the boxed
region in A. DUE, which expresses Fgf8, locates adjacent to the
outer-most epithelial layer (yellow region) aligned with normal GT ectoderm
(region between black broken lines). (C) Possible crosstalks in the distal GT
mesenchymes including BMP4, WNT5A may underlie the alteration of cell survival
or of cell proliferation. Previous studies suggested Fgf8 as a growth
stimulatory factor (Haraguchi et al.,
2000). This study indicated a possibility that it could also work
as a survival factor. (D) Ablation of BMP signaling in the Bmpr1a
mutant distal GT region is shown, which may be modulated by distal GT
epithelia (double-headed arrows; possibly also by distal-dorsal epithelia) and
GT mesenchyme. Epithelial derived (either from the outer-most epithelial layer
or from the adjacent GT ectoderm) signals may affect Fgf8 expression
in the DUE and consequently affect apoptosis. Putative positive signaling
factors are indicated by blue characters and negative signaling factors are
indicated by red characters. The antagonist, noggin, is shown in green.
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